Since the first metagenomics study was published 17 years ago, the ability to make ecological inferences has been limited by sequencing throughput and the ability to analyze the data. Yet, if the potential of metagenomics to help us decipher the structure and function of microbial ecosystems is to be realized, it is essential that our bioinformatics tools motivate our sequencing efforts. This is analogous to the bioinformatics advances that were made to accelerating the sequencing of the...